Tennessee Conservation Easement Law This blog will seek to stir up dialogue about the use of conservation easements as a tool which can be employed by private citizens and governmental entities alike to ensure that future generations will forever understand the beauty and history of Tennessee. http://www.tnconservationeasementlaw.com Seedlings in the City For the second year in a row, Stites & Harbison, PLLC is hosting ‘Seedlings in the City.’  On Saturday, November 7, 2009, volunteers will work to plant 100 trees in Bellevue neighborhoods, at no cost to participating residents.

“These aren't just any trees,” explained Tara Aaron, co-founder of the project and an attorney with Stites & Harbison. They're American Elm seedlings from a champion tree. American Elms are prized for their lovely arching branches that provide shade, make homes more energy efficient and add beauty and value to neighborhoods. During the early 1900's, American Elms were found in great numbers gracing the eastern United States. Sadly, many trees were lost, during the mid 1900's, due to the outbreak of Dutch Elm disease. While this disease affected some American Elms in Nashville, others survived and continued to grow into majestic, healthy trees. The seedlings that will be planted on November 7 are the offspring of one of Nashville's largest and oldest American Elm trees. This tree was named by The Nashville Tree Foundation as a 2008 Big Tree champion.

Bellevue residents who are interested in having a seedling planted in their yards are invited to register by contacting Becky Dan at becky.dan@stites.com or (615) 782-2210.  There is no charge for receiving a tree.  Anyone wishing to volunteers to help plant the trees should also contact Becky Dan.
 

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Once in a Blue Moon The Land Trust for Tennessee is hosting its ninth annual Once in a Blue Moon party this Saturday, October 24, 2009, at 6:30 p.m. at the Farm at Glen Leven (4000 Franklin Road in Nashville).  Several times voted the “Best Just Plain Fun” party of the year by nFocus Magazine, this event boasts evening of delicious dining by Kates Fine Catering, dancing under the Tennessee sky complete with country, bluegrass and cloggers, and a classic bonfire set in the middle of 65 untouched acres in the heart of Nashville.

Get your tickets, grab your boots and join the fun, all for a great cause!

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Nashville Open Space Plan The Urban Land Institute (ULI) is asking the public to finish this statement at the Nashville Open Space Plan Visioning Charrette.  ULI wants to give those who are interested in the future development of Nashville a chance to collaborate with those who are professionally involved in open space planning and land use and development to create a plan for the city’s future development.

Peter Harnik, author and Director of the Trust for Public Land's Center for City Park Excellence, will share examples of 'Best Practices' in open space/green planning.  The Trust for Public Land is a land conservation and open space resource for landowners, government agencies and community groups interested in protecting land for human enjoyment. It maintains the nation's most complete database about the urban park systems of large cities, including acreage, usage, spending, employment, facilities ad historical evolution.

Next, Orchard Advisors, a Nashville consulting group, will lead attendees in a creative exercise to elicit ideas for the 'best Nashville' going forward. They hope to reach a group consensus on a Vision Statement and Defining Objectives to set the tone for the Open Space Plan

The Davidson County Open Space Plan is a joint effort between ULI and the Land Trust for Tennessee to protect the unique landscape of Middle Tennessee.  More information on the objectives of the Open Space Plan are to follow.

The Visioning Charrette will take place on October 6, 2009, from 4:00 - 6:00 p.m. at the Martin Prof. Development Center, 2400 Fairfax Avenue, Nashville, TN 37212.  Online registration is available, or you can register at the event beginning at 3:30 p.m.

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Green Concert Kick-Off Nashville's inaugural green concert series, LiveOntheGreen, is just days away from its first show.  LiveOntheGreen is a free concert series to be held every Thursday evening between September 3rd and October 8th in Public Square Plaza adjacent to the Nashville’s Metropolitan Courthouse. This event will highlight local artists as well as national acts with roots in Music City.
 
What's more, LiveOntheGreen is committed to be an environmentally-friendly concert series. Public Square Plaza is a 2.25 acre green roof sitting on top of a 5 level subterranean parking garage. Food and drink vendors will produce less waste and offer more environmentally friendly packaging and distribution, and a free Bike Check is available on-site to incentivize riding a bicycle to the event.
 
For more information on the initiatives that LiveOntheGreen is striving to implement, visit LiveOntheGreen.
 

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Counting Crows Support Land Trust for Tennessee In an effort to give recognition and draw attention to organizations and individuals working to help their communities, rock band Counting Crows started a community outreach project called the Greybird Foundation. The Greybird Foundation focuses on three issues: domestic violence, HIV / AIDS and the environment.

Counting Crows invites community-based organizations that focus on these issues to each of their concerts.  At their recent show at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville, Counting Crows invited members of the Land Trust for Tennessee and acknowledged the organization for its environmental efforts.  The band was then joined by Augustana and Michael Franti and Spearhead in a rendition of This Land Is Your Land.

For more information, visit The Greybird Foundation.
 

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Timberlake's Golf Course is a Sanctuary Last fall, Justin Timberlake purchased an aging golf course just before it was to be sold at auction.  Now, the 303-acre property south of Millington, Tennessee has been transformed to reflect design standards unmatched in Tennessee and in few places elsewhere in the world.
 
In fact, the Mirimichi golf course has become the nation's first to be designated as an "Audubon Classic Sanctuary" by Audubon International.  Its "environmentally sustainable" design is intended to make it as friendly for wildlife and native plants as for golfers.

For more information, an article in the July 24, 2009, edition of the Memphis Commercial Appeal entitled "Course of nature" discusses Timberlake's blend of golf and serenity at Mirimichi. 

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A “Third Vision” for Bells Bend In the debate over the future of Bells Bend, much attention has been focused on the potential economic impact of the proposed May Town Center.  A group of Scottsboro-Bells Bend residents opposed to the May Town Center plan have been working to find an alternative plan which would still produce economic benefit and value to Metro Nashville.
 
These 50-100 residents have hired the Ochs Center, a Chattanooga-based research organization, to come up with a “third vision” for the land use.  A recently released Ochs Center report says the corridor from Bells Bend to Beaman Park could be developed as "a low density residential and agricultural community complemented by environmentally compatible businesses."
 
The report suggests that the area could be preserved by creating a conservation district with conservation easements, designating properties in the National Register of Historic Places, and designating the corridor from Bells Bend to Beaman Park as a “heritage area” through the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
 
These preservation efforts align with a recently released summary report provided to Mayor Karl Dean by the Green Ribbon Committee on Environmental Sustainability, titled “Making Nashville Green.”  Making Nashville Green contains goals, recommendations, and metrics that will support efforts in enhancing and protecting Nashville’s environmental quality and livability.
 
The Ochs Center researchers estimate the area, as proposed by the “third vision,” would draw 200,000 visitors a year and could generate $34.6 million a year in economic impact and provide 395 jobs.

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Tracking RANRA For more information on the proposed legislation behind the "Rural, Agricultural and Natural Resources Act" (RANRA), the Bill Summary, Bill History and a Fiscal Note for SB 2217 can be accessed by visiting the Tennessee General Assembly website.

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Governor’s Environmental Stewardship Awards Ceremony Friday Deputy Governor John Morgan will join Department of Environment and Conservation Commissioner Jim Fyke and Deputy Commissioner Paul Sloan to present the Governor’s Environmental Stewardship Awards at the Ed Jones Auditorium on the Ellington Agriculture Center campus in Nashville on Friday, June 12, beginning at 1 p.m.

As mentioned in a previous post, The Land Trust for Tennessee will be honored as the recipient of the Natural Heritage award for its efforts in connection with the Lost Cove Project.

For more information about the awards ceremony, please visit http://m.egovtn.org/node/2085.  Information about the Governor’s Environmental Stewardship Awards program can be found at: www.tn.gov/environment/awards/, and additional information about this year’s award recipients can be found at: www.tn.gov/environment/awards/09awds/09winners_1.pdf.
 

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Bells Bend – A RANRA Community? The “Rural, Agricultural, and Natural Resources Act” (RANRA) specifically targets Bells Bend, an 18-square-mile area just west of Nashville encompassed by a U-shaped bend in the Cumberland River.  Bells Bend is the proposed site for the controversial May Town Center, a $4 billion mixed use project that developers say would help Nashville attract the next wave of corporate headquarters and the tax dollars they generate.

If Bells Bend is designated a RANRA community, it would stop the development of May Town Center at the state level.  Such designation would require the support of two-thirds of the area voters, which at this point seems unlikely.

Recently, Sen. Douglas Henry (D-Nashville) and Rep. Gary Moore (D-Nashville) mailed ballots to all of the 184 tax payers in the Bells Bend area.  Of the returned ballots, there were 23 “Yes” votes for RANRA and 76 “No” votes against RANRA.

Additionally, a petition was drawn up by area landowners who oppose RANRA.  According to Bells Bend resident Joe Collier: "We already have land trusts in this state that people can opt into and determine what to do with their land. This legislation isn't necessary."

Some Tennesseans see a vote against RANRA as a vote for the proposed development.  Said T.K. Davis, an associate professor in the College of Architecture and Design at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville: "It really comes down to the question: Which is more important to all of Metro Nashville? Expanding the tax base … or protecting Bells Bend as a unique agrarian landscape that's a natural asset for all of the people in Nashville."

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Is RANRA Constitutional? Tennessee residents have questioned whether the proposed “Rural, Agricultural and Natural Resources Act” (RANRA) would amount to a compensable taking of property under Article I, Section 21 of the Tennessee Constitution.  That section provides that “no man’s particular services shall be demanded, or property taken, or applied to public use, without the consent of his representatives, or without just compensation being made therefore.” 

A compensable taking may be found where a property owner is forced to suffer a permanent physical occupation of his property or is deprived of all economically viable use of his property; however, a land use law that adversely affects economic values may be enacted without resulting in a taking where its intended purpose is to “enhance the quality of life by preserving the character and desirable aesthetic features” of an area.  Of course, any regulatory taking is subject to a challenge by affected residents.

In evaluating a regulatory takings challenge, most courts rely on the three-part test outlined in Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, a landmark United States Supreme Court decision.  The court will consider (a) the character of the government’s action, i.e. the type of intrusion, (b) the economic impact of the regulation on the property owner, and (c) the degree to which the regulation interfered with the owner’s reasonable investment-backed expectations. 

In light of this three part-test, it is the opinion of the Tennessee Attorney General that RANRA provisions limiting development in predominantly rural communities, as long as those communities meet certain specified standards, are, on their face, constitutionally permissible.

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What is RANRA? RANRA is the “Rural, Agricultural and Natural Resources Act” proposed by Tennessee House Bill 2361/Senate Bill 2217.  The pending legislation would authorize a two-thirds majority of the landowners within a community to petition the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation for designation of their community as a RANRA limited development community. 
 
The stated purpose of the bill is to safeguard “the rural character and unique beauty of each of the three (3) grand divisions of this state against the rapid expansion of urban development and the loss of thousands of acres of agricultural land each year.” 
 
In order to qualify for RANRA designation, a community must have at least three of the following features: woodlands, limited urban services, low population density, wildlife, flora and significant water resources. 
 
Once an area is designated as a RANRA community, any new residence must (a) be constructed on at least 10 acres of land, (b) have a subsurface sewage disposal system, (c) be set back at least 250 feet from any body of water, and (d) utilize minimal outdoor lighting.  The 10-acre restriction will not apply, however, to residents who own less than 10 acres of land at the time the area is designated a RANRA community.  No new development other than these limited residences will be permitted in the RANRA community.
 
In later posts, I will discuss the validity of this proposed legislation and the reactions of RANRA-eligible community members.

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Land Trust Conservation Easement Wins Award The Land Trust for Tennessee has been selected as the recipient of the 2009 Governor’s Environmental Stewardship Award in the Natural Heritage category.  Among the Land Trust’s many projects, one of its most noteworthy successes is its recent work on the acquisition of Lost Cove in partnership with The University of the South.  The Land Trust played a pivotal role in raising money for the purchase of Lost Cove, obtaining the necessary due diligence for the acquisition, and negotiating the purchase and subsequent conservation easement. 

As a result of the Land Trust’s efforts as well as a number of other partners, The Land Trust for Tennessee holds a conservation easement on Lost Cove and The University of the South now owns Lost Cove.  The acquisition of Lost Cove increased the size of the campus domain from approximately 10,000 acres to approximately 13,000 acres. 

As part of the University, Lost Cove will serve as an invaluable research tool for students studying forestry, biology, and a number of other subjects. 

As holder of the conservation easement, the Land Trust is responsible for monitoring the activities on the property for compliance with the terms of the easement.  The terms of the Lost Cove conservation easement, among other things, provide that the property will never be developed and that Lost Cove will be accessible by the public. 

Congratulations to the Land Trust on this terrific accomplishment!
 

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Leaving a Legacy An article in the May 14, 2009 edition of The Tennessean entitled "Tennessee boosts efforts to help farmers preserve land" discusses Gov. Bredesen's redirection of funds to The Land Trust for Tennessee to boost the agency's preservation of farmland efforts.  Over the past two years, The Land Trust has helped 30 farmers preserve about 9,000 acres, and these new funds could help an additional 20 to 30 landowners pay for expenses related to establishing conservation easements on their farms. 

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For Starters: What IS a Conservation Easement? A conservation easement:

  • Is a written agreement that protects land in perpetuity. 
     
  • Is an agreement between a landowner and the “holder” of the easement, which is a nonprofit organization whose primary purpose is to preserve open space and its natural resources and habitats. 
     
  • Almost always extinguishes the ability of the landowner to develop the property; however, the landowner may retain the ability to build certain structures, so long as those structures are specified in the easement.
     
  • Is considered a gift for federal income tax purposes.
     
  • Is not a sale of the property, but is like any other easement in that it burdens the land and will continue to do so even though the landowner may deed the property to someone else and that person may deed the land to another and so on.
     
  • Does not have to grant members of the public physical access to the land.  The holder and Tennessee law both expect that, in most cases, the public benefit will extend only to the public’s ability to view the property from a public roadway and to the benefit the public receives from the preservation of plant and wildlife habitats.
     
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